Signal Integrity and Simulation Considerations in Backplane Designs for Military Systems

Whitepaper

August 21, 2018

How to perform signal integrity analysis of connectors & backplanes using simulation techniques.

Electrical interfaces and connectors today face signal integrity challenges which weren’t a real concern 10 to 15 years ago. This is especially true for military systems such as radar, electronic warfare, and signals intelligence (SIGINT) that continue to grow in complexity.

As the signal density for connectors continues to get tighter and footprints get smaller, problems like crosstalk and the geometry of the launch into/out of the connector pins start to play a major role in the performance of backplane channels. Regardless of the backplane topology, signal integrity analysis follows the same procedure: pre-layout analysis, post-layout analysis, measurements, and correlations between simulations and measurements.

This white paper addresses the following:
• How to properly perform signal integrity analysis of connectors and backplanes
• How to leverage simulation techniques to ease this procedure and reduce costs in the long run
• How to measure the performance of backplane links

Download Whitepaper

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1	`app`
2	`errors`
3	`displayed_articles`
4	`page_title`
5	`article`
6	`lead`
7	`aliId`
8	`temp_publish_date`
9	`subfooterCategories`
10	`categoryBuilder`
11	`categories`
12	`__currentLoopData`
13	`category`
14	`loop`
15	`category_subfooter_articles`
16	`top_footer_article`
17	`category_footer_article`

theme::article.components.article-type-tag (resources/views/themes/_base/article/components/article-type-tag.blade.php)18bladefile


__env
app
errors
displayed_articles
page_title
article
lead
aliId
temp_publish_date
subfooterCategories
categoryBuilder
categories
__currentLoopData
category
loop
category_subfooter_articles
top_footer_article
category_footer_article

theme::layouts.components.footer (resources/views/themes/_base/layouts/components/footer.blade.php)10bladefile
Params
0
__env
1
app
2
errors
3
displayed_articles
4
page_title
5
article
6
lead
7
aliId
8
temp_publish_date
9
socialMedia

Params
0	`__env`
1	`app`
2	`errors`
3	`displayed_articles`
4	`page_title`
5	`article`
6	`lead`
7	`aliId`
8	`temp_publish_date`
9	`subfooterCategories`
10	`categoryBuilder`
11	`categories`
12	`__currentLoopData`
13	`category`
14	`loop`
15	`category_subfooter_articles`
16	`top_footer_article`
17	`category_footer_article`

Params
0	`__env`
1	`app`
2	`errors`
3	`displayed_articles`
4	`page_title`
5	`article`
6	`lead`
7	`aliId`
8	`temp_publish_date`
9	`socialMedia`

uri: GET radar-ew/{uri_path?}
middleware: web
controller: App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\ArticleController@viewArticleByShortname
namespace: App\Http\Controllers
prefix
where
file: app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/ArticleController.php:35-49

53 statements were executed, 13 of which were duplicated, 40 unique. Show only duplicated1.36s

select * from `articles` where `shortname` = 'signal-considerations-backplane-designs-military-systems' and `publish_at` < '2025-04-01 20:07:55' limit 1

47.48ms/app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/ArticleController.php:42mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. signal-considerations-backplane-designs-military-systems 1. 2025-04-01 20:07:55
Backtrace	16. /app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/ArticleController.php:42 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:259 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (20)

1.6ms/app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/ArticleController.php:42mes

Metadata
Backtrace	21. /app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/ArticleController.php:42 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:259 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (3)

1.14ms/app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/ArticleController.php:42mes

Metadata
Backtrace	26. /app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/ArticleController.php:42 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:259 30. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205

select * from `article_types` where `article_types`.`id` in (7)

2.5ms/app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/ArticleController.php:42mes

Metadata
Backtrace	21. /app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/ArticleController.php:42 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:259 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205

select * from `article_attachments` where `article_attachments`.`article_id` = 5821 and `article_attachments`.`article_id` is not null

4.47ms/app/Models/Article.php:262mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. 5821
Backtrace	19. /app/Models/Article.php:262 25. view::theme::article.components.primary-image:2 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70

select `companies`.*, `articles_companies`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_companies`.`company_id` as `pivot_company_id` from `companies` inner join `articles_companies` on `companies`.`id` = `articles_companies`.`company_id` where `articles_companies`.`article_id` = 5821

13.75msview::theme::article.components.companies:1mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. 5821
Backtrace	19. view::theme::article.components.companies:1 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195

select * from `articles` where `status` = 'publish' and `visibility` <> 'hidden' and `article_type_id` <> '8' and `publish_at` <= '2025-04-01 20:07:55' and `primary_image` is not null and `primary_image` <> '' and `primary_image` <> '0' order by `publish_at` desc limit 30

89.72ms/app/Models/Article.php:375mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. publish 1. hidden 2. 8 3. 2025-04-01 20:07:55 4. 5. 0
Backtrace	14. /app/Models/Article.php:375 15. view::theme::layouts.components.sidebar:8 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (7, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 44, 47, 1000, 1001)

3.45ms/app/Models/Article.php:375mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/Models/Article.php:375 20. view::theme::layouts.components.sidebar:8 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (1, 2, 3, 4, 6)

2.41ms/app/Models/Article.php:375mes

Metadata
Backtrace	24. /app/Models/Article.php:375 25. view::theme::layouts.components.sidebar:8 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70

select * from `article_types` where `article_types`.`id` in (2, 3, 4, 5)

1.26ms/app/Models/Article.php:375mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/Models/Article.php:375 20. view::theme::layouts.components.sidebar:8 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70

select `id`, `name`, `shortname` from `categories` where `parent_id` is null and `id` not in (999, 100) and exists (select * from `articles` where `categories`.`id` = `articles`.`primary_category` and `publish_at` < '2025-04-01 20:07:55' and `primary_image` is not null and (`primary_image` is not null and `primary_image` not in ('', '0')))

40.03ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:38mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. 999 1. 100 2. 2025-04-01 20:07:55 3. 4. 0
Backtrace	14. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:38 15. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`parent_id` in (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) order by `shortname` asc

3.63ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:38mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:38 20. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `articles` where `primary_image` is not null and (`primary_image` is not null and `primary_image` not in ('', '0')) and `primary_category` in (2, 14, 17, 18, 13, 1004, 15, 16, 19) limit 5

5.57ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. 1. 0 2. 2 3. 14 4. 17 5. 18 6. 13 7. 1004 8. 15 9. 16 10. 19
Backtrace	14. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 15. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (15, 16, 18)

6.33ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 20. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (2)

2.74ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	24. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 25. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 30. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `article_types` where `article_types`.`id` in (2)

3.11ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 20. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `articles` where `primary_image` is not null and (`primary_image` is not null and `primary_image` not in ('', '0')) and `primary_category` in (3, 1005, 23, 26, 25, 21, 20, 24, 22) limit 5

4.93ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. 1. 0 2. 3 3. 1005 4. 23 5. 26 6. 25 7. 21 8. 20 9. 24 10. 22
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select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (20, 23)

3.3ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 20. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (3)

1.73ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	24. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 25. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 30. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `article_types` where `article_types`.`id` in (2)

3.02ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 20. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `articles` where `primary_image` is not null and (`primary_image` is not null and `primary_image` not in ('', '0')) and `primary_category` in (4, 32, 31, 30, 29, 27) limit 5

13.73ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. 1. 0 2. 4 3. 32 4. 31 5. 30 6. 29 7. 27
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select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (30, 32)

4.12ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 20. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (4)

2.03ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	24. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 25. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 30. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `article_types` where `article_types`.`id` in (2, 3)

2.45ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 20. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `articles` where `primary_image` is not null and (`primary_image` is not null and `primary_image` not in ('', '0')) and `primary_category` in (6, 45, 44, 46, 1008, 1006, 40, 43, 47, 39, 41, 42, 1007) limit 5

2.6ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. 1. 0 2. 6 3. 45 4. 44 5. 46 6. 1008 7. 1006 8. 40 9. 43 10. 47 11. 39 12. 41 13. 42 14. 1007
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select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (43, 44, 46)

1.7ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 20. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (6)

2.37ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	24. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 25. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 30. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `article_types` where `article_types`.`id` in (2)

2.28ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 20. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `categories` where `parent_id` is null and `id` not in (999, 100, 1061)

2.35msview::theme::layouts.components.category_subfooter:6mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. 999 1. 100 2. 1061
Backtrace	14. view::theme::layouts.components.category_subfooter:6 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 1 limit 1

1.24ms/app/Models/Category.php:142mes

Metadata
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select * from `categories` where `categories`.`parent_id` = 1 and `categories`.`parent_id` is not null order by `shortname` asc

1.81ms/app/Models/Category.php:148mes

Metadata
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select `articles`.* from `articles` where `publish_at` < '2025-04-01 20:07:56' and `primary_image` is not null and `primary_image` != '0' and `primary_image` != '' and `article_type_id` <> '8' and (`primary_category` = 1 or `primary_category` = 1000 or `primary_category` = 1003 or `primary_category` = 7 or `primary_category` = 1001 or `primary_category` = 9 or `primary_category` = 1002 or `primary_category` = 8) and `article_type_id` <> '8' order by `publish_at` desc limit 5

332msview::theme::layouts.components.category_subfooter:19mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. 2025-04-01 20:07:56 1. 0 2. 3. 8 4. 1 5. 1000 6. 1003 7. 7 8. 1001 9. 9 10. 1002 11. 8 12. 8
Backtrace	14. view::theme::layouts.components.category_subfooter:19 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (7, 8, 1000, 1001)

5.26msview::theme::layouts.components.category_subfooter:19mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. view::theme::layouts.components.category_subfooter:19 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (1)

2.22msview::theme::layouts.components.category_subfooter:19mes

Metadata
Backtrace	24. view::theme::layouts.components.category_subfooter:19 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195

select * from `article_types` where `article_types`.`id` in (3)

1.98msview::theme::layouts.components.category_subfooter:19mes

Metadata
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select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 2 limit 1

4.17ms/app/Models/Category.php:142mes

Metadata
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select * from `categories` where `categories`.`parent_id` = 2 and `categories`.`parent_id` is not null order by `shortname` asc

5.28ms/app/Models/Category.php:148mes

Metadata
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