Benefits of End-to-End Vocoder Integration

Whitepaper

May 24, 2019

As wireless communication becomes more prevalent so does the need to connect Land Mobile Radio (LMR) systems with commercial cellular LTE networks. Interconnecting these systems effectively is... ...

Mission critical situations depend on wireless communication. It is becoming increasingly popular to connect Land Mobile Radio (LMR) networks such as APCO Project 25 and Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) systems with commercial cellular LTE networks. This can provide commercial and public safety users with more ways to communicate, while improving overall coverage areas, decreasing system costs and taking advantage of Internet data accessibility. Yet, not all digital wireless systems are compatible with one another if they do not share the same voice coding technology, known as a vocoder. Most modern LMR networks use the AMBE+2 ™ vocoder whereas cellular LTE networks use the Advanced Multi-Rate (AMR) vocoder. Transcoding from one vocoder to another can lead to the loss of intelligibility, increase delay and interfere with communications security, and should be avoided in favor of utilizing the same vocoder end-to-end in a communication system.

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Featured Companies

Digital Voice Systems, Inc.

234 Littleton Road
Westford, Massachusetts 01866

Website

sales@dvsinc.com

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category_footer_article

Params
0	`__env`
1	`app`
2	`errors`
3	`displayed_articles`
4	`page_title`
5	`article`
6	`lead`
7	`aliId`
8	`temp_publish_date`
9	`subfooterCategories`
10	`categoryBuilder`
11	`categories`
12	`__currentLoopData`
13	`category`
14	`loop`
15	`category_subfooter_articles`
16	`top_footer_article`
17	`category_footer_article`

theme::article.card (resources/views/themes/_base/article/card.blade.php)18bladefile


__env
app
errors
displayed_articles
page_title
article
lead
aliId
temp_publish_date
subfooterCategories
categoryBuilder
categories
__currentLoopData
category
loop
category_subfooter_articles
top_footer_article
category_footer_article

Params
0	`__env`
1	`app`
2	`errors`
3	`displayed_articles`
4	`page_title`
5	`article`
6	`lead`
7	`aliId`
8	`temp_publish_date`
9	`subfooterCategories`
10	`categoryBuilder`
11	`categories`
12	`__currentLoopData`
13	`category`
14	`loop`
15	`category_subfooter_articles`
16	`top_footer_article`
17	`category_footer_article`

theme::article.components.article-type-tag (resources/views/themes/_base/article/components/article-type-tag.blade.php)18bladefile


__env
app
errors
displayed_articles
page_title
article
lead
aliId
temp_publish_date
subfooterCategories
categoryBuilder
categories
__currentLoopData
category
loop
category_subfooter_articles
top_footer_article
category_footer_article

theme::layouts.components.footer (resources/views/themes/_base/layouts/components/footer.blade.php)10bladefile
Params
0
__env
1
app
2
errors
3
displayed_articles
4
page_title
5
article
6
lead
7
aliId
8
temp_publish_date
9
socialMedia

Params
0	`__env`
1	`app`
2	`errors`
3	`displayed_articles`
4	`page_title`
5	`article`
6	`lead`
7	`aliId`
8	`temp_publish_date`
9	`subfooterCategories`
10	`categoryBuilder`
11	`categories`
12	`__currentLoopData`
13	`category`
14	`loop`
15	`category_subfooter_articles`
16	`top_footer_article`
17	`category_footer_article`

Params
0	`__env`
1	`app`
2	`errors`
3	`displayed_articles`
4	`page_title`
5	`article`
6	`lead`
7	`aliId`
8	`temp_publish_date`
9	`socialMedia`

uri: GET comms/{uri_path?}
middleware: web
controller: App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\ArticleController@viewArticleByShortname
namespace: App\Http\Controllers
prefix
where
file: app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/ArticleController.php:35-49

53 statements were executed, 12 of which were duplicated, 41 unique. Show only duplicated1.56s

select * from `articles` where `shortname` = 'benefits-end-to-end-vocoder-integration' and `publish_at` < '2025-04-01 12:48:33' limit 1

173ms/app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/ArticleController.php:42mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. benefits-end-to-end-vocoder-integration 1. 2025-04-01 12:48:33
Backtrace	16. /app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/ArticleController.php:42 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:259 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (44)

8.53ms/app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/ArticleController.php:42mes

Metadata
Backtrace	21. /app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/ArticleController.php:42 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:259 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (6)

2.94ms/app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/ArticleController.php:42mes

Metadata
Backtrace	26. /app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/ArticleController.php:42 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:259 30. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205

select * from `article_types` where `article_types`.`id` in (7)

1.61ms/app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/ArticleController.php:42mes

Metadata
Backtrace	21. /app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/ArticleController.php:42 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:259 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205

select * from `article_attachments` where `article_attachments`.`article_id` = 6643 and `article_attachments`.`article_id` is not null

7.04ms/app/Models/Article.php:262mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. 6643
Backtrace	19. /app/Models/Article.php:262 25. view::theme::article.components.primary-image:2 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70

select `companies`.*, `articles_companies`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_companies`.`company_id` as `pivot_company_id` from `companies` inner join `articles_companies` on `companies`.`id` = `articles_companies`.`company_id` where `articles_companies`.`article_id` = 6643

12.39msview::theme::article.components.companies:1mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. 6643
Backtrace	19. view::theme::article.components.companies:1 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195

select * from `articles` where `status` = 'publish' and `visibility` <> 'hidden' and `article_type_id` <> '8' and `publish_at` <= '2025-04-01 12:48:34' and `primary_image` is not null and `primary_image` <> '' and `primary_image` <> '0' order by `publish_at` desc limit 30

195ms/app/Models/Article.php:375mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. publish 1. hidden 2. 8 3. 2025-04-01 12:48:34 4. 5. 0
Backtrace	14. /app/Models/Article.php:375 15. view::theme::layouts.components.sidebar:8 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (7, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 44, 47, 1000, 1001)

1.34ms/app/Models/Article.php:375mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/Models/Article.php:375 20. view::theme::layouts.components.sidebar:8 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (1, 2, 3, 4, 6)

1.68ms/app/Models/Article.php:375mes

Metadata
Backtrace	24. /app/Models/Article.php:375 25. view::theme::layouts.components.sidebar:8 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70

select * from `article_types` where `article_types`.`id` in (2, 3, 4, 5)

2.69ms/app/Models/Article.php:375mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/Models/Article.php:375 20. view::theme::layouts.components.sidebar:8 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70

select `id`, `name`, `shortname` from `categories` where `parent_id` is null and `id` not in (999, 100) and exists (select * from `articles` where `categories`.`id` = `articles`.`primary_category` and `publish_at` < '2025-04-01 12:48:34' and `primary_image` is not null and (`primary_image` is not null and `primary_image` not in ('', '0')))

85.68ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:38mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. 999 1. 100 2. 2025-04-01 12:48:34 3. 4. 0
Backtrace	14. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:38 15. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`parent_id` in (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) order by `shortname` asc

2.66ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:38mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:38 20. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `articles` where `primary_image` is not null and (`primary_image` is not null and `primary_image` not in ('', '0')) and `primary_category` in (1, 1000, 1003, 7, 1001, 9, 1002, 8) limit 5

2.5ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. 1. 0 2. 1 3. 1000 4. 1003 5. 7 6. 1001 7. 9 8. 1002 9. 8
Backtrace	14. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 15. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (7, 8, 9, 1000)

1.04ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 20. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (1)

2.27ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	24. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 25. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 30. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `article_types` where `article_types`.`id` in (2)

1.29ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 20. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `articles` where `primary_image` is not null and (`primary_image` is not null and `primary_image` not in ('', '0')) and `primary_category` in (2, 14, 17, 18, 13, 1004, 15, 16, 19) limit 5

2.5ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. 1. 0 2. 2 3. 14 4. 17 5. 18 6. 13 7. 1004 8. 15 9. 16 10. 19
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select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (15, 16, 18)

3.86ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 20. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (2)

3.65ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	24. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 25. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 30. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `article_types` where `article_types`.`id` in (2)

1.86ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 20. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `articles` where `primary_image` is not null and (`primary_image` is not null and `primary_image` not in ('', '0')) and `primary_category` in (4, 32, 31, 30, 29, 27) limit 5

57.87ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. 1. 0 2. 4 3. 32 4. 31 5. 30 6. 29 7. 27
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select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (30, 32)

950μs/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
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select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (4)

1.65ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
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select * from `article_types` where `article_types`.`id` in (2, 3)

3.2ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 20. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `articles` where `primary_image` is not null and (`primary_image` is not null and `primary_image` not in ('', '0')) and `primary_category` in (5, 37, 36, 35) limit 5

9.07ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. 1. 0 2. 5 3. 37 4. 36 5. 35
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select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (36, 37)

1.5ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
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select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (5)

1.08ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	24. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 25. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 30. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `article_types` where `article_types`.`id` in (2)

3.37ms/app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63mes

Metadata
Backtrace	19. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:63 20. /app/View/Composers/SubfooterComposer.php:19 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177

select * from `categories` where `parent_id` is null and `id` not in (999, 100, 1061)

1.27msview::theme::layouts.components.category_subfooter:6mes

Metadata
Bindings	0. 999 1. 100 2. 1061
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select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 1 limit 1

4.58ms/app/Models/Category.php:142mes

Metadata
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select * from `categories` where `categories`.`parent_id` = 1 and `categories`.`parent_id` is not null order by `shortname` asc

4.47ms/app/Models/Category.php:148mes

Metadata
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select `articles`.* from `articles` where `publish_at` < '2025-04-01 12:48:35' and `primary_image` is not null and `primary_image` != '0' and `primary_image` != '' and `article_type_id` <> '8' and (`primary_category` = 1 or `primary_category` = 1000 or `primary_category` = 1003 or `primary_category` = 7 or `primary_category` = 1001 or `primary_category` = 9 or `primary_category` = 1002 or `primary_category` = 8) and `article_type_id` <> '8' order by `publish_at` desc limit 5

204msview::theme::layouts.components.category_subfooter:19mes

Metadata
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select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (7, 8, 1000, 1001)

2.37msview::theme::layouts.components.category_subfooter:19mes

Metadata
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select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (1)

1.33msview::theme::layouts.components.category_subfooter:19mes

Metadata
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select * from `article_types` where `article_types`.`id` in (3)

1.41msview::theme::layouts.components.category_subfooter:19mes

Metadata
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select * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 2 limit 1

2.84ms/app/Models/Category.php:142mes

Metadata
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1 x Application (93.71%)	2.63s
1 x Booting (6.28%)	176.45ms

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